Wilkinson earned his Ph.D. in Microbiology from the University of Sheffield in the United Kingdom. He also holds a B.Sc. in Biochemistry from the University of Wales in Aberystwyth, United Kingdom. Wilkinson came to Illinois State in 1979 as an assistant professor of microbiology and chemistry, following three years at the University of Minnesota. In 1996, he was appointed Distinguished Professor. His research involves the study of bacterial stress responses to various chemical and physical agents. Wilkinson has had numerous articles published in scholarly journals such as Microbiology and Applied and Environmental Microbiology. He has also supervised the research projects of numerous undergraduates, served as a major professor for 26 M.S. theses, and eight Ph.D. dissertations, and mentored seven postdoctoral students.